Soil conservation in nigeria pdf merge

Nigerian vegetation pdf nigerian vegetation pdf download. A discussion of the role of indigenousknowledge in agricultural development showsthat indigenous knowledge of the soil can beintegrated with modern soil science to developa soil classification system for the country. Soil and water conservation practices in the savanna of. It is precisely in this connection that the report soil conservation in nigeria. Overcultivation and compaction cause the soil to lose its structure and cohesion leading to greater erodibility. Evaluation of the effect of increasing the quantity of maize residues in the soil cover on the runoff flow, the runoff velocity and the total soil losses 88 20. Manual on integrated soil management and conservation practices.

Assessing ecosystems that are susceptible to soil erosion and measuring the extent and cost of damage is difficult and often subjective. Since the seminal work of crosson 1981, numerous financial analyses of conservation tillage adoption, whether in a developed world e. It aims to promote the integration of successful soil and water conservation approaches and techniques into land use systems worldwide. Assessment of soil fertility management among the arable crop. A few examples may be taken, combining the technology of land use with land tenure and. Nigerian journal of basic and applied science june, 2012, 202. Okitipupa series, the most extensive of the three soils covered a total of 41. Complete guide to agricultural product processing and storage. This system should operate on the principle that a preset irrigation quantity is applied when the measured soil moisture level drops to a threshold set point by the user. Assessment of past and present initiatives soil degradation is one of the most critical environmental problems in. Sustainable soil management of the dryland soils in northern nigeria phd student suleiman usman masters thesis agrarian studies publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term.

The origins and characteristics of the iswc practices and the factors that influence their adoption and adaptation are highlighted. The change in title of the book is for greater clarity among its target audience as to its content. The principles of conservation agriculture conservation agriculture takes advantage of natural ecological processes to conserve moisture, enhance soil fertility, and improve soil structure, and to reduce soil erosion and the presence of diseases and pests. Soil degradation in many developing countries constitutes a serious ecological and economic problem. Complete guide to agricultural product processing and storage m. Forest service timber manual, southeastern region, 1973.

This, the paper opined, can be done through the strengthening of wetlands preservation and conservation regulation, mitigating the effects of climate change as well as the development of deliberate restoration programmes and policies aimed. Coastal environmental protection is also a vital subset of land resources management, because nigeria occupies 800 km of the equatorial atlantic seaboard. Ezeaku 2012 asserted that, soil conservation techniques are those management strategies adopted by farmers to prevent soil from being eroded or becoming chemically altered by over use, salinization, acidification, or other. Some effort has been made by international nonprofit groups wateraid, unicef, and usaid but, the majority of their work has been towards helping.

Rethinking natural resource degradation reports frequently publish statistics illustrating the. The need to conserve soil resources for greater productivity and protect the environment from degradation is of utmost priority. Nigeria in 1973 and the results are published in shifting cultivation and soil conservation in africa soils bulletin no. Sc0950741, has satisfactorily completed the requirements for research work for the degree of master of science m. The soil moisture is the ratio of the volume of water in the soil to the volume of void space between the soil particles, and is reported as a percentage value. The nigerian journal of soil and environmental research previously named nigerian journal of soil research is an annual publication of the department of soil science, faculty of agricultureinstitute for agricultural research, ahmadu bello university, zaira. Manual on integrated soil management and conservation. Conservation is the planning and management of natural resources in order to secure their wise use and continuity of supply while maintaining and enhancing their quality, value and diversity. The harvard analytic framework and the social relation approach to gender analysis were used as tools of analysis to. Soil characterization, classification and survey is a revised version of fundamentals of pedology which was published by stirlinghorden publishers nig ltd, ibadan in 1999. Nigeria, with a population of about 150 million, is the most populous country in ssa. Nigeria borders niger in the north, chad in the northeast, cameroon in the east, and benin in the west. Wocat, world overview of conservation approaches and technologies, launched in 1992, is a project of the world association of soil and water conservation waswc in collaboration with several institutions and coordinated by the university of bern, switzerland.

Soil depth cm sand silt clay airdried soil gravel content 015 834 94 72 124 1530 745 95 160 120 3045 706 105 190 128. Case studies on coastal wetlands and water resources in. Soil erosion is the systematic removal of soil, including plant nutrients, from the land. This paper is an elaboration of the achievements in soil and water conservation as reflected by the uptake and spread of the practice of ca. A few lessons from 50 years ofresearch in africa eric roose abstract for over 7000 years man has tried to defend land against the combined assaults ofrain and runoff energies. Nigerian journal of soil and environmental research. Updated classification of some soil series in southwestern. Ezeaku 2012 asserted that, soil conservation techniques are those management strategies adopted by farmers to prevent soil from being eroded or becoming chemically altered by over use, salinization, acidification, or other soils chemicals contamination. Nigerias water conflicts and conservation efforts water. Pdf this paper explores the indigenous knowledge systems iks approaches to soil conservation in nigeria. Choice of soil management techniques as adaptation to climate. Arigbo department of rural sociology and extension, michael okpara university of agriculture, umudike, p.

Soil conservation farmers tilling the soil to transplant rice seedlings in a field near the village of kamangu, democratic republic of congo reversing the degradation of soil, water and biological resources and enhancing crop and livestock production through appropriate land use and management practices are essential components in achieving. Since, water is viewed as an indispensable natural resource for. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass production 367 table 3. Abstract the study of geotechnical index properties of soils in warri, delta state was carried out to determine the index properties of soil. Ainslie 1935 reported an account of erosion in nigeria. Before 1950 only two conservation areas had been laid down but at present there are seven in operation.

Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass. For africa, agriculture contributes significantly to the formal economy and employment that is about 70 %. In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north. Manual of reforestation mad, erosion control for the philippines. Soil conservation in nigeria soil and water conservation. The absence of a national soilclassification system for nigeria hinderssuccessful agrotechnology transfer inparticular, and agricultural development ingeneral. Here we relate a few lessons from 50 years ofsoil research in africa, where the population has multiplied by five. Changes in the structure of a nigerian soil under different.

Global achievements in soil and water conservation. Manual on integrated soil management and conservation practices ix page 19. Soil condition and water availability if effectively managed will help. Descriptions of 27 cases of indigenous soil and water conservation iswc in 14 african countries are presented. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. It is also part of nlngs contribution to national and global conservation, in line with rio agenda 21, ramsar convention, and convention on biological diversity. The site of the nature park is a pristine natural habitat of interesting fora and fauna prevalent on bonny island, some endemic only to bonny island. The book covers required lecture notes in courses such as principles.

Effect of the annual crop type on soil losses by erosion. Status of nigerias soil according to agboola 1986, nigerian soils are generally light. Indigenous approach to soil erosion control in the southwest nigeria fig working week 2012 knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage rome, italy, 6 10 may, 2012 1. Soil conservation and management in developing countries. The relationship between soil erosion and agricultural productivity 4. Igwe ca 1998 land use and soil conservation strategies for potentially high erodible soils of centraleastern nigeria. The principles of conservation agriculture conservation agriculture takes advantage of natural ecological processes to conserve moisture, enhance soil fertility, and improve soil structure, and to reduce soil. Characterization and classification of soils in okitipupa. Soil resources degradation and conservation techniques adopted. Ime role of soil conservation in watershed management on agricultural. In addition to ecec method, several other methods will be used to evaluate the cec of these soils. The two books, based on fieldwork dating from as early as 1921, repay careful reading by those who would wish to implement soil conservation among smallscale farmers in east africa today. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the accuracy of the fdalrproduced soil map of nigeria to ascertain its reliability for use being the first and only soil map of the country commissioned by the federal government of nigeria materials and methods.

Cultivation and soil conservation in africa, fao soils bulletin 24 rome. The soil and water conservation society swcs is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization that serves as an advocate for natural resource professionals and for sciencebased conservation policy. Past and present onstation and onfarm initiatives by junge et al. Soil and water conservation 265 life on this planet, as the so il is an essential resource to suppor t plants for producing food, and to provide shelter to insects and animals. These soil core samples were later drained on a pressure plate apparatus at pressure heads h of 0, 2, 5, 10, 33, 100, 500 and 1,500 kpa klute, 1986. The purpose of this soils bulletin is to summarize the soil erosion problem and to focus attention on remedial. The laboratory test carried out included, moisture content, grain size analysis, atterberg limits and compaction test. Participatory management practices for sustainable soil erosion control in rural communities in nigeria g.

The study interrogated the traditional gender roles of men and women in the conservation of natural resources. The latter is a benchmark value, taken from a manual of soil conservat40n for. Reference soil ofthe southern guinea savanna of south western nigeria. Problems of wild fauna conservation in nigeria the national parks in nigeria are among the f ew remaining place s in the country where natural ecos ystems for wild animals still exist osemeob o. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass production 365 the savannas of nigeria and agricultural production nigeria is located in the tropical zone between latitude 4o and 14on, and longitude 2oe, with a vast area having savanna vegetation figure 1.

Soil conservation fao soils portal food and agriculture. Assessment of soil fertility management among the arable. The journal is concerned with soils and environmental issues of tropical interest. The contribution of soil and water conservation to. Status and challenges of soil management in nigeria. African feminism and post colonial theory were used as theoretical frameworks to analyze the practices. Participatory management practices for sustainable soil. However, soil erosion in one season affects crop yields in each subsequent year, until the land is. Introduction soil erosion is the single major process responsible for the loss of billion tonnes of soils worldwide. This problem is primarily caused by soil erosion, which particularly damages the soil surfaces. Adiaha directorate of continuing education, federal capital territory college of education, zubaabuja, nigeria department of agronomy crop and soil science, faculty of agriculture and forestry, cross river university of.

Three soil mapping units designated as okitipupa soil series, omotosho series and ode erinje fadama series were delineated within the okitipupa local government area of ondo state, nigeria. This paper deals with the present statusstate of nigeria s soil and the challenges of soil management in the country. Since, water is viewed as an indispensable natural resource for all facets of human development and well being. While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. It was revealed that the weakness of conservation and sustainable management effort is due to poor governance and lack of knowledge and scarcity of research programs on species conservation. Nigerian vegetation pdf forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and there is hardly. Nigeria is endowed with arable land and fresh water resources when viewed as a whole with approximately 61 million hectares of the land cultivable while the total renewable water resources is about 280 km 3 year. Soil conservation in nigeria past and present onstation and onfarm initiatives birte junge, robert abaidoo, david chikoye, and karl stahr foreword by rattan. The two books, based on fieldwork dating from as early as 1921, repay careful reading by those who would wish to implement soil conservation among smallscale. Status of nigeria s soil according to agboola 1986, nigerian soils are generally light.

In turn, factors influencing the adoption of conservation agriculture. Soil erosion is a grave environmental hazard that has both natural and human causes. Adiaha directorate of continuing education, federal capital territory college of education, zubaabuja, nigeria department of agronomy crop and soil science, faculty of agriculture and forestry, cross river university of technology, calabar, nigeria. Assessment of soil fertility management among the arable crop farmers in ondo southwestern nigeria. Ogunkunle2 1 department of agronomy, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria 2 department of agronomy, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria corresponding author, email. Fortunately for the proponents of conservation agriculture, its net financial impact at the individual farm scale appears positive as well. Furthermore, combine harvesters working in wet soils can degrade the soil structure and.

Traditional gender roles of men and women in natural resource. Conservation council, which is empowered to address soil, water, forestry, fisheries and wildlife conservation by formulating and implementing policies, programmes and projects on conservation of the countrys natural resources. Federal environmental protection agency act chapter 1, laws of the federation. This paper deals with the present statusstate of nigerias soil and the challenges of soil management in the country. Soil and water conservation society 945 sw ankeny road ankeny, ia 50023 usa 800the soil 8008437645. Opencast tin mining on the jos plateau has produced pits and mine tailings which despoil the land scape. Department of agricultural science, adeyemi college of education, pmb 520, ondo, ondo state, nigeria.

Each soil sample was measured per h and, corresponding. Soil conservation, therefore, includes the reclamation of mined land and quarry sites. The park, named finima nature park and measuring approximately hectares, is for conservation, recreation, and research on the fauna, fora and cultural heritage of bonny kingdom. The onsite cost of soil erosion in mali world bank documents. A paper presented at shapin g the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 pp. Nigeria lng limited established a nature park on bonny island to preserve the natural environment of its host communities. In several studies farmers perceptions of conservation needs are emphasized. Traditional gender roles of men and women in natural.

Sustainable soil management of the dryland soils in. Soil erosion soil erosion, conservation and restoration. Choice of soil management techniques as adaptation to. International institute for tropical agriculture iita, in nigeria. Water conservation efforts in nigeria seem to be struggling. Soil moisture based irrigation control system for rice. It is the objective of this study therefore to update the classification of six of the most common soil series in southwestern nigeria in consonance with the knowledge of modern soil science. Nigeria, mostly in anambra state, it is an age long one that has attained a catastrophic dimension. Eze nnenna chizoba, a postgraduate student in the department of soil science, with registration number pgm. This paper reports on the findings of the case studies from east africa, undertaken by the soil and water management research group at sokoine university of agriculture in tanzania and by action aid in uganda. After doing a fair amount of research, i found that it was hard to find much data on drinking water conservation.

Jun 30, 2011 igwe ca 1998 land use and soil conservation strategies for potentially high erodible soils of centraleastern nigeria. Combining this result with crop budgets from the ministry of agriculture. Its southern coast is on the gulf of guinea in the atlantic ocean. The need to conserve representative samples of natural vegetation was recognized in nigeria over thirty years ago.